Important for a wide variety of mineral deposits, ranging from mineralįuels to iron ore to nonferrous metals and nonmetallic minerals. Mountain), at 1894 m (6214 ft) above sea level. The average elevation is only about 600 m (about 1970 ft),Īnd the highest elevation is in the north at Narodnaya Gora (People's
The vogla don and ural rivers follow though whitch country series#
Worn-down series of mountain ranges, the Urals are topographically Ural Mountains The European Plain terminates in the east at the Ural Mountains. Region to the north of this boundary is poorly drained and has numerous Then north of Moscow to the Arctic coast west of the Pechora River.
Recent glacial stage, which ended about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago,įormed a terminal moraine that runs east from the border with Belarus, When glacial ice blocked the streams that now partly drain it. This flat, poorly drained area was a lake Several broad marshy areas, such as the Meshchera Lowland southeast of Other surface features owe their origins to glaciation. Otherwise, the relief of the European Plain, with minor exceptions, is Is reached in the Khibiny Mountains of the central Kola Peninsula. Particularly in the north, where a maximum elevation of 1191 m (3906 ft) Topography is generally rough in these areas of outcropping, Of these areas is the northwest near the border with Finland. In some places the softer sedimentary rocks haveīeen eroded away, and the underlying basement complex of hard igneousĪnd metamorphic rocks has been exposed at the surface the most notable Of years of stream, wind, and glacial action on nearly horizontal strata European Plain European Russia is primarily a rolling plain with an average elevation Mountain regions include most of Siberia and extend to the margins of Plain in the western and northern parts of the country fringed by aĭiscontinuous belt of mountains and plateaus on the south and on theĮast this is the most extensive plain in the world. Very simply, the landmass of the republic consists of a vast Physiographic Regions Russia contains a great complexity of geologic structures and surfaceįormations that have evolved separately during different geologicĮpochs. Russia's territory and its varied geologic formations, however, provideĪ rich mineral resource base unmatched by any other country in the Is limited by climate and, to a lesser degree, soils. More to Canada than to the United States.
Of Russia lies north of the 50th parallel and thus compares physically Southeast and the Pacific coastal fringe. Siberia, stretching east from the Urals almost to the Pacific Ocean andįar Eastern Russia (or the Russian Far East), including the extreme Russia, consisting of the territory lying west of the Ural Mountains Russia can be divided into three broad geographic regions: European Japan, and the large island of Sakhalin, which separates the seas of Pacific Ocean are the Kuril Islands, which extend in an arc southwestįrom the southern extremity of the Russian peninsula of Kamchatka to
Mentioned above are numerous small islands and island chains. The New Siberian Islands, and Wrangel Island. Zemlya, Vaygach Island, the group of islands called Severnaya Zemlya, The other Arctic islands,įrom west to east, include the two islands that constitute Novaya Farthest north, in the Arctic Ocean, is Franz Josef Land, anĪrchipelago consisting of about 100 islands. The principal island possessions of Russia lie in Arctic and Pacific The Gulf of Finland, Finland, and Norway. On the southwest it is boundedīy Ukraine, and on the west it is bounded by Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, On the south it is bounded by China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan,Īzerbaijan, Georgia, and the Black Sea. In the extreme southeast Russia abuts on the northeastern tip of North
Russia from Alaska), the Bering Sea, and the seas of Okhotsk and Japan. Several arms of the Pacific Ocean: the Bering Strait (which separates On the north it isīounded by a number of arms of the Arctic Ocean: the Barents, Kara, Russiaīorders on more countries than any other nation. The country also spans two continents, Europe and Asia. Sea to Ratmanov (also known as Big Diomede) Island in the Bering Strait. From east to west the maximum extent isĪlmost 10,000 km (almost 6200 mi) from the eastern coast of the Baltic (about 6,592,850 sq mi), more than one-ninth of the world's land area.įrom north to south the country extends more than 4000 km (more thanĢ400 mi) from the southern border along the Caucasus Mountains to Arctic It is the largest country in the world, with an area of 17,075,400 sq km Of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Russia was formerly the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR) Officially named the Russian Federation (Russian Rossiyskaya Federatsiya), On December 25, 1991, and includes 21 ethnically based republics, 1Īutonomous oblast (region), and 10 autonomous okrugs (national areas). Independent republic in eastern Europe and Asia, which was established
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